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California Vehicle Code VC 23136 – PAS Persons Under 21: Preliminary Screening Device

Posted by on May 4, 2012

23136. (a) Notwithstanding Sections 23152 and 23153, it is unlawful for a person under the age of 21 years who has a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.01 percent or greater, as measured by a preliminary alcohol screening test or other chemical test, to drive a vehicle.
However, this section shall not be a bar to prosecution under Section 23152 or 23153 or any other provision of law.

(b) A person shall be found to be in violation of subdivision (a) if the person was, at the time of driving, under the age of 21 years,
and the trier of fact finds that the person had consumed an alcoholic beverage and was driving a vehicle with a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.01 percent or greater, as measured by a preliminary alcohol screening test or other chemical test.

(c) (1) Any person under the age of 21 years who drives a motor vehicle is deemed to have given his or her consent to a preliminary
alcohol screening test or other chemical test for the purpose of determining the presence of alcohol in the person, if lawfully detained for an alleged violation of subdivision (a).

(2) The testing shall be incidental to a lawful detention and administered at the direction of a peace officer having reasonable cause to believe the person was driving a motor vehicle in violation of subdivision (a).

(3) The person shall be told that his or her failure to submit to, or the failure to complete, a preliminary alcohol screening test or other
chemical test as requested will result in the suspension or revocation of the person’s privilege to operate a motor vehicle for a period of one year to three years, as provided in Section 13353.1.

Added Ch. 899, Stats. 1993. Effective January 1, 1994.
Amended Ch. 938, Stats. 1994. Effective September 28, 1994.
Amended Sec. 18, Ch. 10, Stats. 1996. Effective February 9, 1996.

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Note: Laws change frequently and thus the information provided should not be relied upon as legal advice. To be certain, contact a criminal defense attorney for a legal assistance.
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California Vehicle Code VC 23109.2 – Vehicle Impoundment: Speed Contests

Posted by on May 4, 2012

California Vehicle Code VC 23109.2 – Vehicle Impoundment: Speed Contests

23109.2. (a) (1) Whenever a peace officer determines that a person was engaged in any of the activities set forth in paragraph (2), the peace officer may immediately arrest and take into custody that person and may cause the removal and seizure of the motor vehicle used in that contest in accordance with Chapter 10 (commencing with Section 22650). A motor vehicle so seized may be impounded for not more than 30 days.

(2) (A) A motor vehicle speed contest, as described in subdivision (a) of Section 23109.

(B) Reckless driving on a highway, as described in subdivision (a) of Section 23103.

(D) Exhibition of speed on a highway, as described in subdivision (c) of Section 23109.

(b) The registered and legal owner of a vehicle that is removed and seized under subdivision (a) or their agents shall be provided the opportunity for a storage hearing to determine the validity of the storage in accordance with Section 22852.

(c) (1) Notwithstanding Chapter 10 (commencing with Section 22650) or any other provision of law, an impounding agency shall release a motor vehicle to the registered owner or his or her agent prior to the conclusion of the impoundment period described in subdivision (a) under any of the following circumstances:

If the vehicle is a stolen vehicle.
If the person alleged to have been engaged in the motor vehicle speed contest, as described in subdivision (a), was not authorized by the registered owner of the motor vehicle to operate the motor vehicle at the time of the commission of the offense.
If the registered owner of the vehicle was neither the driver nor a passenger of the vehicle at the time of the alleged violation pursuant to subdivision (a), or was unaware that the driver was using the vehicle to engage in any of the activities described in subdivision (a).
If the legal owner or registered owner of the vehicle is a rental car agency.
If, prior to the conclusion of the impoundment period, a citation or notice is dismissed under Section 40500, criminal charges are not filed by the district attorney because of a lack of evidence, or the charges are otherwise dismissed by the court.

(2) A vehicle shall be released pursuant to this subdivision only if the registered owner or his or her agent presents a currently valid driver’s license to operate the vehicle and proof of current vehicle registration, or if ordered by a court.

(3) If, pursuant to subparagraph (E) of paragraph (1) a motor vehicle is released prior to the conclusion of the impoundment period, neither the person charged with a violation of subdivision (a) of Section 23109 nor the registered owner of the motor vehicle is responsible for towing and storage charges nor shall the motor vehicle be sold to satisfy those charges.

(d) A vehicle seized and removed under subdivision (a) shall be released to the legal owner of the vehicle, or the legal owner’s agent, on or before the 30th day of impoundment if all of the following conditions are met:

The legal owner is a motor vehicle dealer, bank, credit union, acceptance corporation, or other licensed financial institution legally operating in this state, or is another person, not the registered owner, holding a security interest in the vehicle.
The legal owner or the legal owner’s agent pays all towing and storage fees related to the impoundment of the vehicle. No lien sale processing fees shall be charged to a legal owner who redeems the vehicle on or before the 15th day of impoundment.
The legal owner or the legal owner’s agent presents foreclosure documents or an affidavit of repossession for the vehicle.

(e) (1) The registered owner or his or her agent is responsible for all towing and storage charges related to the impoundment, and any administrative charges authorized under Section 22850.5.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if the person convicted of engaging in the activities set forth in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) was not authorized by the registered owner of the motor vehicle to operate the motor vehicle at the time of the commission of the offense, the court shall order the convicted person to reimburse the registered owner for any towing and storage charges related to the impoundment, and any administrative charges authorized under Section 22850.5 incurred by the registered owner to obtain possession of the vehicle, unless the court finds that the person convicted does not have the ability to pay all or part of those charges.

(3) If the vehicle is a rental vehicle, the rental car agency may require the person to whom the vehicle was rented to pay all towing and storage charges related to the impoundment and any administrative charges authorized under Section 22850.5 that were incurred by the rental car agency in connection with obtaining possession of the vehicle.

(4) The owner is not liable for any towing and storage charges related to the impoundment if acquittal or dismissal occurs.

(5) The vehicle may not be sold prior to the defendant’s conviction.

(6) The impounding agency is responsible for the actual costs incurred by the towing agency as a result of the impoundment should the registered owner be absolved of liability for those charges pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 23109.2. Notwithstanding this provision, nothing shall prohibit impounding agencies from making prior payment arrangements to satisfy this requirement.

(f) Any period in which a vehicle is subjected to storage under this section shall be included as part of the period of impoundment ordered by the court under subdivision (h) of Section 23109.

(g) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2007, and as of that date is repealed, unless a later enacted statute, which is enacted before January 1, 2007, deletes or extends that date.

Added Sec. 2, Ch. 884, Stats. 1996. Effective January 1, 1997.
Amended Sec. 2, Ch. 411, Stats. 2002. Effective January 1, 2003.
Amended Sec. 308, Ch. 62, Stats. 2003. Effective January 1, 2004.

NOTE: The preceding section becomes inoperative on January 1, 2007, at which time the following section becomes operative.

23109.2. (a) Whenever a peace officer determines that a person was engaged in a motor vehicle speed contest, as described in subdivision (a) of Section 23109, the peace officer may immediately arrest and take into custody that person and may cause the removal and seizure of the motor vehicle used in that contest in accordance with Chapter 10 (commencing with Section 22650). A motor vehicle so seized may be impounded for not more than 30 days.

If the vehicle is a stolen vehicle.
If the person alleged to have been engaged in the motor vehicle speed contest, as described in subdivision (a), was not authorized by the registered owner of the motor vehicle to operate the motor vehicle at the time of the commission of the offense.
If the legal owner or registered owner of the vehicle is a rental car agency.
If, prior to the conclusion of the impoundment period, a citation or notice is dismissed under Section 40500, criminal charges are not filed by the district attorney because of a lack of evidence, or the charges are otherwise dismissed by the court.

(3) The legal owner or the legal owner’s agent presents foreclosure documents or an affidavit of repossession for the vehicle.

(e) (1) The registered owner or his or her agent is responsible for all towing and storage charges related to the impoundment, and any administrative charges authorized under Section 22850.5.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if the person convicted of engaging in a motor vehicle speed contest was not authorized by the registered owner of the motor vehicle to operate the motor vehicle at the time of the commission of the offense, the court shall order the convicted person to reimburse the registered owner for any towing and storage charges related to the impoundment, and any administrative charges authorized under Section 22850.5 incurred by the registered owner to obtain possession of the vehicle, unless the court finds that the person convicted does not have the ability to pay all or part of those charges.

(4) The owner shall not be liable for any towing and storage charges related to the impoundment if acquittal or dismissal occurs.

(5) The vehicle shall not be sold prior to the defendant’s conviction.

(f) Any period in which a vehicle is subjected to storage under this section shall be included as part of the period of impoundment ordered by the court under subdivision (h) of Section 23109.

g) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2007.

Added Sec. 3, Ch. 411, Stats. 2002. Effective January 1, 2003. Operative January 1, 2007.

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California Vehicle Code VC 21202 – Operation on Roadway

Posted by on May 4, 2012

California Vehicle Code VC 21202 – Operation on Roadway

21202. (a) Any person operating a bicycle upon a roadway at a speed less than the normal speed of traffic moving in the same direction at that time shall ride as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway except under any of the following situations:

When overtaking and passing another bicycle or vehicle proceeding in the same direction.
When preparing for a left turn at an intersection or into a private road or driveway.
When reasonably necessary to avoid conditions (including, but not limited to, fixed or moving objects, vehicles, bicycles, pedestrians, animals, surface hazards, or substandard width lanes) that make it unsafe to continue along the right-hand curb or edge, subject to the provisions of Section 21656. For purposes of this section, a "substandard width lane" is a lane that is too narrow for a bicycle and a vehicle to travel safely side by side within the lane.
When approaching a place where a right turn is authorized.

(b) Any person operating a bicycle upon a roadway of a highway, which highway carries traffic in one direction only and has two or more marked traffic lanes, may ride as near the left-hand curb or edge of that roadway as practicable.

Amended Sec. 4, Ch. 674, Stats. 1996. Effective January 1, 1997.

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California Criminal Defense Attorney – Speed Enhancement

Posted by Brianna Wilkins on May 4, 2012

California Criminal Defense Attorney – Speed Enhancement

In California, a driver convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol can face additional sentence enhancing charges. Common causes for such sentencing enhancements are speeding, having children in the car, or causing an injury or traffic accident. If a driver is convicted of any of the above charges, the punishment for a DUI / DWI can be harsh. While one may want to enter a guilty plea and get the case over with, because of the staggering penalties that one may face it might be best to consult with a California criminal defense attorney to determine if you may be better off fighting the charges.

Sentencing enhancements for speeding may be added to the complaint for drunk driving cases where the police officer also cited the driver for driving 20 miles per hour above the speed limit on surface streets or 30 miles per hour above the speed limit on freeways.

When a driver is accused of speeding, the prosecutor may decide to add an additional charge of reckless driving. Still, it is important to remember that this is a criminal case and that a DUI / DWI lawyer will be able to fight any sentence enhancing charges. Just like the original DUI / DWI charge, speeding and reckless driving must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.

The prosecutor must illustrate that the driver was acting willfully or wantonly driving in a dangerous manner without regard for others in order to prove reckless driving. The simple fact that the driver was speeding is not sufficient to convict a driver of reckless driving. However, if the prosecutor is able to prove speeding and reckless driving, the driver will face 60 days in jail. This jail sentence will be added to any other court punishment.

In some driving under the influence (DUI) or driving while intoxicated (DWI) cases where sentence enhancing charges are part of the complaint, the prosecutor may offer a plea bargain. The facts of each particular case will differ, but there are times when an experienced California DUI / DWI attorney might recommend accepting a negotiated plea in order to avoid the potential punishment that can result from a conviction on a sentence enhancing charge. If you are arrested for drunk driving, you may contact The Kavinoky Law Firm for a free evaluation and more information on your case.

DUI / DWI and Car Insurance

Posted by Brianna Wilkins on May 4, 2012

DUI / DWI and Car Insurance

There is no question that a drunk driving conviction is not good for a person’s car insurance rates. Insurance companies are basically gambling on the odds that a driver will not get into an accident or have their car stolen. When an individual is convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol, the insurance company will consider that person a greater risk for loss and will therefore increase that person’s premiums substantially or even cancel the policy altogether. One way to avoid this expense is to hire an experienced California DUI Lawyer to fight the charges.

A DUI / DWI charge in California results in two separate cases. A driver will face a California DMV hearing and a California criminal case. A California criminal defense lawyer can help with both cases. Each case must be dealt with as soon as possible in order to avoid unnecessary negative repercussions. One such negative repercussion is the possibility that the driver’s insurance rates will increase or that the insurance company will cancel the policy altogether. In California Department of Motor Vehicles cases a person arrested on suspicion of drunk driving has ten days from the date of arrest to request a DMV hearing or the person’s license to drive will automatically be suspended. Such a suspension will have to be reported to the driver’s insurance carrier.

In your drunk driving criminal case, the first step is the arraignment. At the arraignment, you will be asked to enter a plea of Guilty, Not Guilty, or No Contest. You don’t have to enter a Guilty plea. If you do enter a plea of Guilty, you will be convicted and will face significant issues with car insurance. An accomplished and experienced California DUI Lawyer or DWI attorney who is experienced in the California DUI laws can fight your case and win. Oftentimes it takes costly resources to fight a driving under the influence case, and the issues are complex. It is possible to win a case with the right legal counsel with a great strategy for success in both the D.M.V. hearing and the criminal case.

A driver who is merely arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence or driving while intoxicated is under no obligation to report the arrest to the insurance company. Being arrested for a crime is different than being convicted. People are considered innocent until proven guilty, even to the insurance company. If one is convicted however, there will generally be some form of reporting requirement to fulfill. An experienced California criminal defense lawyer will aggressively defend a driver in a criminal case and give advice on how to communicate with an insurance company.

In reality, most large national insurance companies will cancel a driver’s policy once they have been notified of a conviction for drunk driving or driving under the influence of drugs.

Drivers convicted of a California DUI / DWI need to file an SR-22 form, or formal Certificate of Insurance, following the conviction. Drivers must also report a finding of Guilty at a DMV hearing. SR-22 forms are only used in drunk driving cases. Therefore, if someone requests an SR-22 from his or her insurer, this will raise an immediate red flag with the company.

Opening Statements

Posted by on May 4, 2012

California Defense Attorney – Opening Statements

After the jury is selected in a drunk driving trial, both the defense and the prosecution give opening statements to the jury. Opening statements are critically important to the success of a DUI / DWI defense. A skilled criminal defense attorney from The Kavinoky Law Firm will use this opportunity to allow the jury to get to know the attorney and his or her client and introduce some important defense concepts.

Because the prosecutor has the burden of proving the case, he or she is allowed to deliver the first opening statement. After the prosecutor speaks, the defense lawyer has the option of giving his or her opening statement or waiting until after the prosecution has finished presenting its case. A DUI / DWI defense lawyer often opts to give an opening statement after the prosecutor, because it reminds jurors to keep both sides in mind during the prosecutor’s case.

A good criminal defense lawyer often opts to give the jury something to keep in mind while the prosecution presents its case, but he or she cannot make any statements that can’t be delivered upon later. Therefore, it isn’t uncommon for a defense attorney to deliver a fairly generic opening statement. Often the defense lawyer will merely ask jurors to keep an open mind until they have heard all of the evidence and begin their deliberations. The defense attorney should also remind jurors that the prosecutor has the burden of proving every element of a driving under the influence case beyond a reasonable doubt in order to obtain a conviction.

It’s critical to remind jurors about these issues, because they may hold an initial belief that a driver with a chemical test that showed a blood alcohol content (BAC) of .08 percent or greater must be guilty of DUI / DWI. However, this is far from true. If the defense attorney can persuade jurors to keep an open mind and listen to every item of evidence before making a decision about the driver’s guilt, a small battle is already won.

A skilled California DUI defense lawyer will also remind jurors that the defense does not have to prove anything. The defense lawyer could rest the case without presenting any evidence at all of the defendant’s innocence, and if the prosecutor hasn’t proved every element of the driving while intoxicated case beyond a reasonable doubt, the jury must deliver a not guilty verdict.

Because it’s one of a defense attorney’s first opportunities to connect with jurors, opening arguments can be an important part of defending an accused drunk driver in court. The knowledgeable defense lawyers at The Kavinoky Law Firm have the experience needed to deliver an opening argument that will lay the foundation to a successful DUI / DWI defense.

Should the Defendant Testify?

Posted by John Devendorf on May 4, 2012

California Criminal Defense Attorney – Should the Defendant Testify?

Both the prosecutor and the defense attorney call numerous witnesses in a California DUI / DWI trial. In fact, the defense lawyer may call the defendant to the stand to testify. Whether to ask the defendant to testify is an extremely difficult question for a drunk driving criminal defense lawyer, and the correct answer depends on the facts of the case.

In many cases, it’s useful to have the defendant explain how an injury or illness, such as emphysema, chronic acid reflux, or diabetes could have impacted the results of a chemical test. The defendant’s testimony might excuse a chemical test refusal or help explain why the driver’s blood alcohol content (BAC) reading was artificially high.

Sometimes it’s helpful to have the accused driver testify merely so that they can make a connection with the jury. Jurors are instructed that they may not interpret the fact that the defendant did not testify as a sign of guilt, but jurors are human, and sometimes cannot put their personal feelings aside. Therefore, jurors may conclude that the defendant didn’t take the stand because he or she is guilty. An experienced DUI / DWI criminal defense lawyer will weigh the risk of having the defendant testify against this possibility.

However, there are also excellent reasons to keep the accused driver off the stand. Some defendants are better off not being cross-examined by the prosecution. Some drivers might be nervous, emotional, or less than truthful on the stand. This allows the prosecutor to score points against the defense’s own witness.

In some cases it’s critical that the accused driver not testify because he or she was extremely intoxicated at the time of arrest, and may not remember many details about the encounter with police. Such a driver can derail a carefully crafted defense strategy and spell a guilty verdict for the defendant.

Experienced California DUI / DWI defense lawyers know when to have defendants testify and when they shouldn’t. In cases where it’s a good idea to have the driver take the stand, a skilled defense attorney will prepare that testimony carefully and thoroughly, to help the defendant avoid mistakes and anticipate any attacks from the prosecution on cross-examination.

Under the Influence of Drugs

Posted by on May 4, 2012

Under the Influence of Drugs

Under California Health and Safety Code section 11550, it’s against the law to be under the influence of a controlled substance such as heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine or Ecstasy. It’s also illegal to be under the influence of prescription narcotics classified as Schedule III, IV or V unless they’re taken with a valid prescription.

A skilled California drug lawyer from The Kavinoky Law Firm will do everything possible to fight your under the influence of drugs case as well as any other criminal charges you face.

A violation of California H&S 1150 is a misdemeanor punishable by 90 days to one year in jail. However, if you meet certain qualifications, you may be eligible for alternative sentencing such as a deferred entry of judgment (DEJ), Prop. 36, or drug court.

If you are eligible for diversion and successfully complete the program, you can put the incident behind you without having a criminal record. Defendants completing California drug diversion are typically required to attend 12-step meetings, classes and/or counseling sessions, take periodic drug tests, and complete all requirements laid out by the court.

If you’re facing a California under the influence of drugs or narcotics charge, it’s in your best interests to aggressively fight the charges. Experienced California criminal defnese lawyers from The Kavinoky Law Firm will fight to protect your reputation and your freedom. Please contact a knowledgeable California drug lawyer today at 1.800.NO.CUFFS for a free consultation or fill out the following form to receive a Free Drug Case Evaluation.

California Vehicle Code VC 13351.85 – Towing Service: Required Suspension

Posted by on May 4, 2012

California Vehicle Code VC 13351.85 – Towing Service: Required Suspension

13351.85. Upon receipt of a duly certified abstract of any court showing that a person has been convicted of a violation of Section 12110, the department shall suspend that person’s driving privilege for four months if the conviction was a first conviction, and for one year, if the conviction was a second or subsequent conviction of a violation of that section that occurred within seven years of the current conviction.

Added Sec. 2, Ch. 641, Stats. 2000. Effective January 1, 2001.

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California Vehicle Code VC 13353.8 – Restricted License: Persons Under 21

Posted by on May 4, 2012

California Vehicle Code VC 13353.8 – Restricted License: Persons Under 21

13353.8. (a) After the department has issued an order suspending or delaying driving privileges as a result of a violation of subdivision (a) of Section 23136, the department, upon the petition of the person affected, may review the order and may impose restrictions on the person’s privilege to drive based upon a showing of a critical need to drive , if the department determines that, within 10 years of the current violation of Section 23136, the person has not violated Section 23136 or been convicted of a separate violation of Section 23140, 23152, or 23153, or of Section 23103, with a plea of guilty under Section 23103.5, or of Section 191.5 of, or paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 192 of the Penal Code, and that the person’s driving privilege has not been suspended or revoked under Section 13353, 13353.1, or 13353.2 within that 10-year period.

(b) For purposes of this section, a conviction of an offense in a state, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the Dominion of Canada that, if committed in this state, would be a violation of Section 23103, as specified in Section 23103.5, or Section 23140, 23152, 23153, or Section 191.5 or paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 192 of the Penal Code, is a conviction of that particular section of the Vehicle Code or Penal Code.

(c) As used in this section, "critical need to drive" means the circumstances that are required to be shown for the issuance of a junior permit pursuant to Section 12513.

(d) The restriction shall be imposed not earlier than the 31st day after the date the order of suspension became effective and shall remain in effect for the balance of the period of suspension or restriction in this section.

Amended Sec. 1, Ch. 254, Stats. 2003. Effective January 1, 2004.
Amended Sec. 10, Ch. 550, Stats. 2004. Effective January 1, 2005.

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